What is LIPA?

Local IP Access (LIPA) is the ability for an IP-enabled device to access a consumer’s home-based local area network as well as the broader Internet directly using the air interface of a femtocell, or Home NodeB (HNB). Using LIPA allows for greater performance, innovative services that mesh mobile and home networks, and the off-loading of traffic from the operator’s packet core network which is ultimately destined for the Internet.

 

Why LIPA?
As connected device (i.e., mobiles, laptop data cards, USB dongles, etc.) penetration increases globally, more and more users are using their mobile devices not just for voice but also for data services. Today’s high-speed mobile broadband access technologies—

including Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) and Long Term Evolution (LTE)—are ensuring that users have the dual benefits of high mobility and high speed data access. The ever-increasing content available online via email, social networking sites, blogs, RSS feeds, multimedia calls, streaming video and online music coupled with faster and higher capacity equipment driven by personal digital assistants (PDAs), smartphones and netbooks have led to a boom in the demand for Internet data access using high-speed mobile network infrastructure.

What is IU Paging Success Ratio?

IU Paging Success Ratio defied for Huawei system.

This KPI can be used to evaluate the successful paging responses to the pagings from the Core Network (CN) in one RNC.

The Attempt Paging Procedure starts when the CN sends a PAGING message to the RNC, and finishes when the UE in idle mode receives the PAGING TYPE 1 message from the RNC.

The Successful Paging Procedure finishes when the RNC receives an RRC CONNECTION REQUEST from the UE in idle mode.

 

IU Paging Success Ratio =
(VS.RANAP.Paging.Succ.IdleUE/ VS.RANAP.Paging.Att.IdleUE)*100%

 

QoS Class Identifier (QCI)

The need for supporting a broader variety of applications requiring higher bandwidth and lower latency led 3GPP to alleviate the existing QoS principles with the introduction for EPS of a QoS Class Identifier (QCI).
LTE provides different QoS for a given application by putting it into the different bearer . each bearer has its own QCI (QoS Class Identifier) which introduce a particular service for a particular application. as far as I know 9 different QCIs have been defined in LTE based on priority,packet loss and delay.

 

Download more on LTE Basics and LTE Optimization

The QoS architecture in EPC enables a number of important capabilities for both operators and users:

VoIP support with IMS: QoS is a crucial element for providing LTE/IMS voice service.
Enhanced application performance:Applications such as gaming or video can operate more reliably.
More flexible business models:With flexible, policy-based charging control, operators and third-parties will be able to offer content in creative new ways. For example, an enhanced video stream to a user could be paid for by an advertiser.
Congestion control: In congestion situations, certain traffic flows (e.g., bulk transfers, abusive users) can be throttled down to provide a better user experience for others.

Congestion Indicators for EUL

Congestion Indicators for EUL

Iub overload problems are solved by flow control for Enhanced Uplink highspeed data services. For EUL increased delay is measured internally and thedata flow from RBS in UL is throttled according to measurements recorded,therefore there is no congestion as such but rather the transmission rate of thedata is slowed down in the uplink direction when potential overload is detected.There are counters which can be used to monitor when the Iub tends towardscongestion for EUL services. When that happens it should be considered toexpand the Iub capacity for EUL services.

 

Click Here to get more info on How to Know HSDPA Frame Loss?

• Iub Limiting EUL Performance
• EUL Frame Loss
• EUL Dynamic Delay of Frames

HSDPA Frame Loss

These counters relating to frame loss are available on the RBS to monitor HighSpeed data service in the downlink direction.

IubDataStreams::pmHsDataFramesLostSpiXX
- the number of HSdata frames lost, destroyed and errored over Iub in the RBS. There areseparate counters for each of the priority classes.

IubDataStreams::pmHsDataFramesReceivedSpiXX
- the totalnumber of HS data frames correctly received over Iub in the RBS. Thereare separate counters for each of the priority classes.

The XX suffix represents the priority class and can range from 00 to 15.The counters can be used to indicate data loss rate for the HS service.High frame loss will indicate potential congestion problems. RecommendedPerformance Indicator for this is:



Frame Loss Rate on the path from SRNC to RBS

Find more HSDPA Counters at www.telecomfunda.com/forum

VoLTE + Wi-Fi = LTE Femto

This week, Kineto announced it now supports the GSMA’s VoLTE profile (IMS voice & SMS) in its Smart Wi-Fi client. Smartphones with the Smart Wi-Fi client will now be able to receive the mobile operator’s voice/SMS service (VoLTE) when attached to Wi-Fi.
I have always believed LTE and Wi-Fi were two sides of the same coin – both are high-speed, low-latency flat IP networks. LTE covers the macro/outdoor world, and Wi-Fi is by far the dominant in-building wireless technology. Marrying the two technologies into a seamless experience delivers a compelling experience for mobile subscribers.
In the move to LTE, mobile operators are adopting VoLTE, an IMS/SIP-based voice and SMS profile that replaces (replicates?) the existing circuit voice/SMS services used in GSM/UMTS networks.

UE Measurements

Intra-frequency measurements: measurements on downlink physical channels at the same frequency as the active set. A measurement object corresponds to one cell.

Inter-frequency measurements: measurements on downlink physical channels at frequencies that differ from the frequency of the active set. A measurement object corresponds to one cell.

Inter-RAT measurements: measurements on downlink physical channels belonging to another radio access technology than UTRAN, e.g. GSM. A measurement object corresponds to one cell.

Traffic volume measurements: measurements on uplink traffic volume. A measurement object corresponds to one cell.

Quality measurements: Measurements of downlink quality parameters, e.g. downlink transport block error rate. A measurement object corresponds to one transport channel in case of BLER. A measurement object corresponds to one timeslot in case of SIR (TDD only).

UE-internal measurements: Measurements of UE transmission power and UE received signal level.

UE positioning measurements: Measurements of UE position.The UE supports a number of measurements running in parallel. The UE also supports that each measurement is controlled and reported independently of every other measurement.